Inscription of Surau Baitannur in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Muhamad Tisna Nugraha

doi:10.2121/tawarikh.v14i1.1484

Inscription of Surau Baitannur in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Muhamad Tisna Nugraha

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Surau Baitannur inscription is a written charter or inscription from a place of worship, called “surau/langar” (small mosque), the oldest ever built in the Pontianak Sultanate. This inscription is insofar as the literature review has never been studied scientifically, and has not received particular attention to become one of the objects of cultural heritage that must be preserved and protected. For this reason, the study of Surau Baitannur inscription was then selected using historical research methods to test and analyze and answer the six basic questions of historical research related to the substance and information contained in the Surau Baitannur Inscription, namely what, when, where, who, why, and how. The results of a review of the Surau Baitannur inscription revealed information that Surau Baittanur inscription is a legacy from the Pontianak Sultanate during the first Sultan's reign, namely Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie. The Surau Baitannur inscription was established on Sunday, 29 November 1801 AD (Anno Domini). The Surau Baitannur building is the oldest place of worship, even when compared to the construction of the Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie’s mosque. The ornament and substance contained in the surrender of Baitannur are full of Islamic values and local wisdom. The use of colours characterized it as Malay heritage, and the dedication substances in the form of treatises or advice as characteristic of the teachings of Islam.

KEY WORDS: Inscription; Surau Baitannur; Pontianak; West Kalimantan.

About the Author: Muhamad Tisna Nugraha is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Islamic Education and Pedagogy, Pontianak State Institute of Islamic Studies, Ministry of Religion Affairs, Jalan Letjen Suprapto No.19, Pontianak City 78121, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Corresponding Author: tisnanugraha2014@yahoo.com

Suggested Citation: Nugraha, Muhamad Tisna. (2022). “Inscription of Surau Baitannur in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 14(1), October, pp.13-32. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Suci Foundation and ASPENSI, with ISSN 2085-0980 (print) and ISSN 2685-2284 (online).

Article Timeline: Accepted (June 22, 2022); Revised (July 27, 2022); and Published (October 30, 2022).

Keywords

Inscription; Surau Baitannur; Pontianak; West Kalimantan

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdullahi, Yahya & Mohamed Rashid bin Embi. (2013). “Evolution of Islamic Geometric Patterns” in Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.2, Iss.2 [June]. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2013.03.002 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Abdurrahman, Deden. (2008). Biologi Kelompok Pertanian. Bandung: Grafindo Media Pratama.

Abidin, Mas’oed. (2016). Surau Kito. Magelang: Gre Publishing.

Ahmad, Madiha, Khuram Rashid & Neelum Naz. (2018). “Study of the Ornamentation of Bhong Mosque for the Survival of Decorative Patterns in Islamic Architecture” in Frontiers of Architectural Research, Vol.7, Iss.2 [June]. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2018.03.004 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Akymbek, Yeraly & Beibit Baibugunov. (2014). “Inscription on Ceramics of Medievel City Aktobe” in PROCEDIA: Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 122, pp.77-81. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1306 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Al-Kabir, Syekh Ahmad Dairobi. (2018). Kitab Mujarobat. Jakarta: Penerbit Wali Pustaka.

Arifin, Zaenal & Junaiyah. (2009). Morfologi: Bentuk, Makna, dan Fungsi. Jakarta: Penerbit Grasindo, edisi kedua.

Azra, Azyumardi. (2017). Surau: Pendidikan Islam Tradisional dalam Transisi dan Modernisasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

Bauer, Laurie. (2003). Introducing Linguistic Morphology. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2nd edition.

Burhanuddin, Dede. (2016). “Inskripsi Keagamaan Nusantara di Palu, Sulawesi Tengah” in Jurnal Lektura Keagamaan, Vol.14, No.1, pp.153-180.

Chambert-Loir, Henri. (1994). “Some Aspects of Islamic Justice in the Sultanate of Pontianak c. 1880” in Indonesia and the Malay World, Volume 22(63), June, pp.129-143. doi: 10.1080/03062849408729814.

Darsani, Hamdan. (2016). “Subhanallah, Surau Tertua di Pontianak Bait Annur Didirikan oleh Nahkoda Kapal” in Tribun Pontianak, on November 13. Available online also at: https://pontianak.tribunnews.com/2016/11/13/subhanallah-surau-tertua-di-kalbar-bait-annur-didirikan-oleh-nahkoda-kapal [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Daulay, Haidar Putra & Nurgaya Pasa. (2013). Pendidikan Islam dalam Lintas Sejarah: Kajian dari Zaman Pertumbuhan sampai Kebangkitan. Jakarta: Prenamedia Group.

Depag RI [Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia]. (1983/1984). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. Jakarta: Penerbit Depag RI.

Griffiths, Arlo. (2018). “The Corpus of Inscriptions in the Old Malay Language” in HAL Open Science. Available online also at: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01920769/document [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Guillot, Claude & Ludvik Kalus. (2008). Inskripsi Islam Tertua di Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit KPG [Kepustakaan Polpuler Gramedia], terjemahan Laddy Lesaman et al.

Hamka. (2014). “Morphology and Analysis” in English Education: English Journal for Teaching and Learning, Vol.02, No.01 [Januari], pp.1-18. Available online also at: http://jurnal.iain-padangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/EEJ/article/view/112/101 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Ibrahim, I. (2018). “Contiguity of Islam and Local Tradition on the Hinterland Malays of West Kalimantan” in Ulumuna, Volume 22(2), pp.277-300. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v22i2.286 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Interview with Respondent A, one of the mosque officials/administrators of Surau Baitannur, in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: 28 October 2018.

Iryana, Wahyu. (2014). Historigrafi Barat. Bandung: Humaniora.

Ja’Acmad, Ansar Rahman & Muhad. (2000). Perspektif Sejarah Berdirinya Kota Pontianak. Pontianak: Romeo Grafika Pontianak.

Jazuli, Azhami Sami’un. (2006). Hjirah dalam Pandangan Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, terjemahan Eko Yulianti.

Kamil, S. & Z. Darojat. (2019). “Mosques and Muslim Social Integration: Study of External Integration of the Muslims” in INSANIYAT: Journal of Islam and Humanities, Volume 4(1), pp.37-48. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.15048/insaniyat.v4i1.12119 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Li, Janice Xiuzhen et al. (2011). “Inscriptions, Filing, Grinding, and Polishing Marks on the Bronze Weapons from the Qin Terracotta Army in China” in Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol.38, Iss.3 [March]. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.09.012 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Listiana, Dana. (2009). Arsitektur di Kota Sultan Pontianak: Manisfestasi Perpadauan Budaya. Pontianak: Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kalimantan Barat.

Loo, Keat Wei & Siew Hua Gan. (2014). “Genetic, Historical and Linguistic Perspectives on the Origin of the Kelantanese Malays” in GENE, Vol.545, Iss.1 [15 July]. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.016 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Madjid, M. Dien & Johan Wahyudhi. (2014). Ilmu Sejarah: Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

Madjid, M. Dien. (2021). Metode Sejarah: Teori dan Praktik. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

Mubasyaroh. (2014). “Da’wah Model of Prophet Muhammad in Madina” in QIJIS: Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol.2, Iss.1 [February], pp.1-16.

Nazri, Mohd Khairul Nizam Zainan et al. (2015). “Colour from the Perspective of Hadith: An Overview” in SHS Web of Conferences, Volume 000(201), pp.1-19. Available online also at: https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2015/05/shsconf_icolass2014_04005.pdf [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Nugraha, Muhamad Tisna. (2019a). Ensiklopedia Mini: Ilmu Pengetahuan, Tokoh & Warisan Teknologi Islam. Yogyakarta: Diandra Kreatif.

Nugraha, Muhamad Tisna. (2019b). Sejarah Pendidikan Islam: Memahami Kemajuan Peradaban Islam Klasik hingga Modern. Yogyakarta: Diandra Kreatif.

Nugraha, Muhamad Tisna & Kartini. (2018). “The History and Value Contained in Corak Insang Weave in Pontianak Malays” in IBDA’: Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya, Vol.16, No.1. Available online also at: http://ejournal.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/index.php/ibda/article/view/1388/1240 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Pazos, Miguel Carrero & David Espinosa. (2018). “Tailoring 3D Modelling Techniques for Epigraphic Texts Restitution: Case Studies in Deteriorated Roman Inscriptions” in Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Volume 10 [September]. Available online also at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2018.e00079 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Putra, Ade. (2018). “Mengintip Suasana Tempo Dulu dari Surau Berusia 216 Tahun di Pontianak” in Oke Travel, on May 24. Available online also at: https://travel.okezone.com/read/2018/05/24/406/1902176/mengintip-suasana-tempo-dulu-dari-surau-berusia-216-tahun-di-pontianak [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Redha, Muhammad et al. (2018). “Pontianak Malay House in Historical Study of Islamic Civilization”. Unpublished Research Report. Pontianak: IAIN [Institut Agama Islam Negeri].

Rochmiatun, Endang. (2013). “Farmakologi Tradisional di Palembang dalam Perspektif Ekologi Budaya: Studi atas Naskah ‘Kitab Buktikan Obat-obat’ Karya Sayyid Ali bin Alwi bin Shihabuddin dan Naskah Mujarobat” in JUMANTARA, Vol.4, No.1 [April]. Available online also at: https://www.perpusnas.go.id/magazine-detail.php [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 29, 2020].

Siswanto. (2018). “Identifikasi Penggunaan Laha Berdasarkan Sumber Prasasti Abad ke-11 Masehi di Jawa Timur” in PURBAWIDYA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi, Volume 7(1), Juni. Available online also at: https://purbawidya.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/P7%281%292018-2/pdf [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Sjamsuddin, Helius. (2007). Metodologi Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.

Subhan, Arief. (2012). Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Indonesia Abad ke-20: Pergumulan antara Modernisasi dan Identitas. Jakarta: Penerbit Kencana.

Sudaryat, Yayat. (2014). “The Structure of Ancient Sundanese Language on the Inscription” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Vol.6, No.1. Available online also at: http://journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh/article/view/579/577 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Suprayitno. (2011). “Evidence of the Beginning of Islam in Sumatera: Study on the Acehnese Tombstone” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Vol.2, No.2. Available online also at: http://journals.mindamas.com/index.php/tawarikh/article/view/386/384 [accessed in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: May 20, 2020].

Susanto, Mikke. (2007). Batu Melangkah Waktu. Jakarta: KPG [Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia], terjemahan Rani Elsanti Ambyo & Sigit Djatmiko.

Setneg RI [Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia]. (2010). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya. Jakarta: Setneg RI.

Wahyuningsih & Abu Rivai. (1986). Arsitektur Tradisional Daerah Riau. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan daan Kebudayaan.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/tawarikh.v14i1.1484