Alternatives of Genuine Basic Education Program in Papua Provinces, Indonesia

Dinn Wahyudin; Agus Sumule; Andi Suwirta

doi:10.2121/tawarikh.v12i2.1439

Alternatives of Genuine Basic Education Program in Papua Provinces, Indonesia

Dinn Wahyudin, Agus Sumule, Andi Suwirta

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This paper examines alternatives to accelerate genuine education in Papua Provinces (Papua Province and West Papua Province), Indonesia. It is two strategic Provinces as pillars of the nation in eastern Indonesia. There are several considerations behind the need for a strategy to adjust the implementation of education in Papua. Especially basic education for rural and remote communities in “Tanah” (Land) of Papua. One of them is that currently the educational attainment in these two Provinces are relatively behind compared to most other Provinces in Indonesia. In general, there is still a low learning culture adopted by the people of “Tanah” Papua. This is because, among other things, some Papuans still live in a nomadic cultural pattern (hunting and gathering), which results in low school enrollment rates. This research-based paper uses literature studies, documentary studies, and limited FGDs (Focus Group Discussions) with several stakeholders. The results achieved in this study include: high percentage Senior High School dropout; obstacles for Primary School are reading and writing; while for Junior High School this concern mathematics, languages, and science. The majority of the children do not continue to Secondary school after Primary school. Public and Private schools management system for the interior, coastal, remote, and isolated areas receive very little support for teaching staff, equipment, media materials, school text books, and school administration. Lastly, the majority of isolated areas or marginal communities in Papua cannot read and write.

KEY WORDS: Basic Education; Marginal Communities; Learning Culture in Rural Areas.

About the Authors: Prof. Dr. Dinn Wahyudin is a Senior Lecturer at the Curriculum and Educational Technology Department, Faculty of Education UPI (Indonesia University of Education) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Dr. Ir. Agus Sumule is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Agriculture UNIPA (State University of Papua), Indonesia. Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. is a Ph.D. Student by Research at the Study Program of History Education SPs (School of Postgraduate) UPI in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. E-mail address: dinn_wahyudin@upi.edu and suciandi@upi.edu

Suggested Citation: Wahyudin, Dinn, Agus Sumule & Andi Suwirta. (2021). “Alternatives of Genuine Basic Education Program in Papua Provinces, Indonesia” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 12(2), April, pp.219-240. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Suci and ASPENSI, with ISSN 2085-0980 (print) and ISSN 2685-2284 (online).

Article Timeline: Accepted (February 9, 2021); Revised (March 2, 2021); and Published (April 30, 2021).

Keywords

Basic Education; Marginal Communities; Learning Culture in Rural Areas

Full Text:

PDF

References

ACDP & Balitbang Kemdikbud RI [Analytical and Capacity Development Partnership & Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia]. (2014). Studi Perencanaan Strategis Percepatan Pendidikan Dasar di Pedesaan dan Daerah Terpencil di Tanah Papua. Jakarta: Education Sector Analytical and Capacity Development Partnership (ACDP) and Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Balitbang), Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

Amaliah, D. (2015). “Pengaruh Partisipasi Pendidikan terhadap Persentase Penduduk Miskin” in FAKTOR: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, Volume 2(3), pp.231-234.

Anderson, Bobby. (2019). “The Failure of Education in Papua”. Available online at: https://www.insideindonesia.org/the-failure-of-education-in-papua-s-highlands [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 2 March 2020].

Anderson, Bobby. (2020). Platitudes of Papua. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik] Provinsi Papua Barat. (2019a). Indikator Papua Barat Tahun 2019. Manokwari: BPS Provinsi Papua Barat.

BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik] Provinsi Papua Barat. (2019b). Provinsi Papua Barat dalam Angka: Papua Barat Province in Figures 2019. Manokwari: BPS Provinsi Papua Barat.

Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. USA [United States of America]: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Darmalaksana, Wahyudin. (2020). “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka dan Studi Lapangan”. Available online at: http://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/32855/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 2 January 2021].

Dhimaswij. (2020). “The Challenges of Education in West Papua, Indonesia” in Education, Edu-Papua, Indonesia in General. Available online also at: https://edupapua.wordpress.com/2017/02/21/the-challenges-of-education-in-west-papua-indonesia/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 2 February 2021].

Doringin, Ferry. (2016). “Guru dan Literasi Dasar”. Available online at: https://pgsd.binus.ac.id/2016/06/30/fondasi-di-tangan-guru/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 2 March 2020].

Efriandi, Tri, Ronald L. Holzhacker & Oscar Couwenberg. (2017). “Local Direct Election, Public Participation, and Accountability in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia”. Paper for the 3rd International Conference on Public Policy (ICPP), Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. Available online also at: https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/file/paper/593bb672c4886.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

Glazebrook, Diana. (2008). Permissive Residents West Papuan: Refugees Living in Papua New Guinea. Canberra: ANU [Australian National University] E Press. Available online also at: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/33661/459440.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 30 March 2020].

Guthrie, Gerard. (2015). “The Formalistic Education Paradigm in Papua New Guinea” in Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal, Volume 22 [May], pp.33-47.

Halim, D. & D.A. Mononimbar. (2016). “Papua Still Faces Massive Education Backlog” in Jakarta Globe, on October 12. Available online also at: https://jakartaglobe.id/news/papua-still-faces-massive-education-backlog/ [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 17 March 2020].

Hartini, Sumarno & Hiryanto. (2015). “Dampak Pendidikan Keaksaraan terhadap Tingkat Sosial-Ekonomi Keluarga” in Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Vol.XVI, No.2, pp.173-179.

Juliarini, A. (2020). “Effect of Regional Revenue on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the Provinces of West Papua and Papua, Indonesia” in Simposium Nasional Keuangan Negara, Volume 2(1), pp.335-354. Available online also at: https://jurnal.bppk.kemenkeu.go.id/snkn/article/view/547 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 2 January 2021].

Kemdikbud RI [Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia]. (2015). Rencana Strategis Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2015-2019. Jakarta: Kemdikbud RI.

Kusniawati, Neny. (2017). “Angka Partisipasi dalam Pendidikan”. Available online at: https://dispendik.pasuruankab.go.id/artikel-905-angka-partisipasi-dalam-pendidikan.html [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

MoEC RI [Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2019). Center for Data and Statistics. Jakarta: MoEC RI.

Mollet, Julius Ary. (2007). “Educational Investment in Conflict Areas of Indonesia: The Case of West Papua Province” in International Education Journal, Volume 8(2), pp.155-166. Available online also at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ834158.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 30 March 2020].

Munro, Jenny. (2013). “The Violence of Inflated Possibilities: Education, Transformation, and Diminishment in Wamena, Papua” in Indonesia, No.95. Available online also at: www.jstor.org/stable/10.5728/indonesia.95.0025 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

OECD & ADB [Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development & Asian Development Bank]. (2016). Review of National Policies for Education: Education in Indonesia, Rising to the Challenge. Paris: OECD Publishing.

PEMSEA [Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia]. (2019). National State of Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth of Indonesia. Quezon City, Philippines: PEMSEA Resource Facility. Available online also at: http://pemsea.org/sites/default/files/NSOC%20Indonesia%202018%20(FINAL)%2001082021.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

Pemprov [Pemerintah Provinsi] Papua. (2005). Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Papua Nomor 21 Tahun 2013 tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (RPJP) Provinsi Papua, 2005-2025. Jayapura: Pemerintah Provinsi Papua.

Pemprov [Pemerintah Provinsi] Papua. (2018). Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKDP) Provinsi Papua Tahun 2018. Jayapura: Pemerintah Provinsi Papua.

Puskurbuk Balitbangdikbud [Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan]. (2017). “Layanan Kurikulum 2013 di Tanah Papua”. Naskah Akademik Tidak Diterbitkan. Jakarta: Kemdikbud RI [Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia].

Raco, J.R. (2010). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Jenis, Karakteristik, dan Keunggulannya. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.

RCA [Reality Check Approach]. (2015). Education Study in Tanah Papua. Jakarta: Effective Development Group. Available online also at: http://www.reality-check-approach.com/uploads/6/0/8/2/60824721/edu_study_2_report_11_june_2015.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

Setjen Depdiknas [Sekretariat Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional]. (2003). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.

Setneg RI [Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia]. (2001). Undang Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua. Jakarta: Setneg RI.

Setneg RI [Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia]. (2011). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 65 Tahun 2011 tentang Rencana Aksi Percepatan Pembangunan Provinsi Papua Barat dan Provinsi Papua. Jakarta: Setneg RI.

Shah, Rachel. (2018). “A Reality Check for Rapid Immersion in Development Research: In Search of Rigour, Ethics, and Relevance” in Springfield Working Paper Series, #5. Available online also at: https://www.springfieldcentre.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Springfield-Working-Paper-5-RCA.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

Slama, Martin & Jenny Munro [eds]. (2015). From 'Stone Age' to 'Real Time': Exploring Papuan Temporalities, Mobilities, and Religiosities. Canberra: ANU [Australian National University] Press.

Sofilda, Eleonora. (2019). “Kualitas Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Papua” in Media Ekonomi, Vol.27, No.2 [Oktober], pp.171-182. Available online also at: https://trijurnal.lemlit.trisakti.ac.id/medek/article/view/6683/5512 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 17 March 2020].

Sulaiman, Stefanno Reinard. (2018). “Government to Shift Focus from Infrastructure to Education in Papua” in newspaper of The Jakarta Post, on December 12. Available online also at: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/12/12/government-to-shift-focus-from-infrastructure-to-education-in-papua.html. [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

UGM [Universitas Gadjah Mada]. (2005). Policy Brief. Yogyakarta: Penerbitan khusus PSKK UGM.

UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization]. (2015). Education for All, 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges, Global Monitoring Report. Paris: UNESCO Publication.

Upton, Stuart. (2009). “The Impact of Migration on the People of Papua, Indonesia: A Historical Demographic Analysis”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Australia: Department of History and Philosophy, University of New South Wales. Available online also at: http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/upton/_phd.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 24 March 2020].

USAID [U.S. Agency for International Development]. (2009). Papua Assessment USAID/Indonesia, November 2008 – January 2009. Jakarta: The World Bank Report.

Utama, Bakti et al. (2018). Peningkatan Akses dan Mutu Pendidikan Tingkat Sekolah Dasar di Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Available online also at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/250647886.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 30 March 2020].

Wahyudin, Dinn. (2018). “The Development of Contextual Curriculum in Papua Provinces, Indonesia”. Unpublished Academic Manuscript. Bandung: UPI [Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia].

WB [World Bank]. (2008). A Strategic Assessment of Spatial Planning Options for Papua Province. Jakarta: The World Bank Office. Available online also at: http://www.sekala.net/download/Papua-SEA.pdf [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 30 March 2020].

Yuli, Sri Budi Cantika & Edyta Wojtyla. (2020). “Challenges and Strategies in Developing Human Resources for the Halal Industry: Evidence from Indonesia” in Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics, Vol.04, No.02 [December], pp.77-86. Available online also at: https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/jibe/article/view/8270/9066 [accessed in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: 3 January 2021].

Zed, Mestika. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Penerbit YOI [Yayasan Obor Indonesia].

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/tawarikh.v12i2.1439