The September 30th Movement and Aftermath in Indonesian Collective Memory and Revolution: A Lesson for the Nation
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The G-30-S (Gerakan 30 September or September 30th Movement) in 1965 was a largest national tragedy since the Republic of Indonesia had gained its independence on August 17th, 1945. It was a darkness episode in Indonesian collective memory and revolution towards a democratic state. It also still remains a lot of problems, both before and aftermath. This study is a historical analysis to the movement focused on the rivalry between the three pillars of Indonesian political power; anatomy of the movement and massacre's aftermath; and the national socio-political change's aftermath under the New Order regime rule. The study showed that, socio-politically, the G-30-S of 1965 was a rivalry of Indonesian political powers between the TNI-AD (Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Darat or Indonesian National Military-Army), the PKI (Partai Komunis Indoensia or Indonesian Communist Party), and President Soekarno. The success of the Indonesian Military, under General Soeharto, in winning the rivalry had brought further consequences to changes in political systems, structures, and processes and Indonesian government for a period of 30 years. How the movement lives in collective memories of the nation, and how Hannah Arendt (1970 and 1998)'s perspectives on the meaning of “forgiveness” as the state’s ethical policy to find a humanitarian solution for the G-30-S of 1965’s victims and perpetrators were also discussed. Hopefully, the paper can give an important meaning of the events to the citizenship education for next generations, so they are more thoughtful in addressing the nation's history.
KEY WORDS: September 30th Movement of 1965; Memory; Indonesian Revolution; Forgiveness and Reconciliation.
About the Authors: Prof. Dr. Mohammad Imam Farisi is a Lecturer at the Department of Citizenship Education FKIP UT (Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Indonesia Open University), UT’s Regional Office of Jember, Jalan Kaliurang No.2A, Sumbersari, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia. Dr. Ary Purwantiningsih is a Lecturer at the Department of Citizenship Education FKIP UT, Jalan Cabe Raya Pondok Cabe, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan 15418, Banten, Indonesia. For academic interests, the Authors are able to be contacted via e-mails adress at: farisi1965@gmail.com and ary@ecampus.ut.ac.id
Suggested Citation: Farisi, Mohammad Imam & Ary Purwantiningsih. (2020). “The September 30th Movement and Aftermath in Indonesian Collective Memory and Revolution: A Lesson for the Nation” in TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 11(2), April, pp.103-128. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI, with ISSN 2085-0980 (print) and ISSN 2685-2284 (online).
Article Timeline: Accepted (February 21, 2020); Revised (March 24, 2020); and Published (April 30, 2020).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/tawarikh.v11i2.1305
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