AUTHOR(S) GUIDELINES
ONLINE SUBMISSIONS
STATISTICS
FOCUS AND SCOPE
ISSN
ARTICLE TEMPLATE
From Idealist to Be Permissive: Changes in the Way of the Police Officers' View of Police Corruption Behavior in the Process of Organizational Culture
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Police corruption is one of the deviations in the police that is of public concern in Indonesia. Police corruption is considered one of the biggest obstacles to realizing the best performance of the police in protecting and serving the community. This research examines the police's view of corruption behavior that occurs in police organizations. The main focus of this research is to understand in depth about the extent to which there has been a change in the police's human value system during a career journey that shapes its perspective on corrupt behavior and the factors that play a role in shaping the value system, both police, organizational, and individual organizational values itself. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the Time Serial Analysis method. To find out the change in perspective on corruption behavior, the informant was given the same question three times: when the informant before becoming a police officer; when he/she was a student in the Brigadier Police Academy; and after serving as a new officer of the police, where the questions asked to refer to the eight models of corruption that the scenario made. From the results of the research, it can be seen that there has been a change in the way police officers view corruption behavior, namely from “idealists” when before becoming officers of the police, change to “wait and see” when they become Brigadier Police Academy students, and turn back into “permissiveness” after serving as new officers police.
KEY WORD: Police Corruption; Education; Values; Police Officers’ View.
RESUME: “Dari Idealis Menjadi Permisif: Perubahan dalam Cara Pandang Perwira Polisi terhadap Perilaku Korupsi Polisi dalam Proses Budaya Organisasi”. Korupsi polisi adalah salah satu penyimpangan dalam kepolisian yang menjadi perhatian publik di Indonesia. Korupsi polisi dianggap sebagai salah satu kendala terbesar untuk mewujudkan kinerja terbaik polisi dalam melindungi dan melayani masyarakat. Penelitian ini mengkaji pandangan polisi tentang perilaku korupsi yang terjadi di organisasi kepolisian. Fokus utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami secara mendalam tentang sejauh mana telah terjadi perubahan dalam sistem nilai manusiawi polisi selama perjalanan karier yang membentuk perspektifnya tentang perilaku korup dan faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam membentuk sistem nilai, baik nilai-nilai kepolisian, organisasi, dan individu itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode Analisis Serial Waktu. Untuk mengetahui perubahan perspektif tentang perilaku korupsi, informan diberikan pertanyaan yang sama sebanyak tiga kali: ketika informan sebelum menjadi seorang perwira polisi; ketika ia menjadi seorang siswa di Akademi Brigade Polisi; dan setelah menjalani pekerjaan sebagai perwira baru polisi, dimana pertanyaan yang diajukan merujuk pada delapan model korupsi yang telah dibuat skenarionya. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat dilihat bahwa telah terjadi perubahan dalam cara perwira polisi memandang perilaku korupsi, yaitu dari "idealis" ketika sebelum menjadi perwira polisi, berubah menjadi "tunggu dan lihat" ketika mereka menjadi siswa Akademi Brigade Kepolisian, dan kembali menjadi “permisif” setelah menjadi perwira baru polisi.
KATA KUNCI: Korupsi Polisi; Pendidikan; Nilai-nilai; Pandangan Perwira Polisi.
About the Author: Sambodo Purnomo Yogo, M.T.C.P. is a Lecturer at the SESPIM LEMDIKLAT POLRI (Sekolah Staf Pimpinan, Lembaga Pendidikan dan Latihan, Kepolisian Republik Indonesia or School of Leader Staff, Training and Education Institution, Police of the Republic of Indonesia), Jalan Maribaya No.53, Kayu Ambon, Lembang 40391, Bandung Barat, West Java, Indonesia. E-mails: sambodopurnomo@gmail.com and sambodo2019@gmail.com
Suggested Citation: Yogo, Sambodo Purnomo. (2019). “From Idealist to Be Permissive: Changes in the Way of the Police Officers' View of Police Corruption Behavior in the Process of Organizational Culture” in SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Volume 12(2), November, pp.93-104. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI with ISSN 1979-0112 (print) and ISSN 2622-6855 (online).
Article Timeline: Accepted (Junly 3, 2019); Revised (September 19, 2019); and Published (November 30, 2019).
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Affandi, Lutfi Adin et al. (2019). “Evolution of Leadership in Esprit de Corps: Evidence from Military Organization”. Available online at: https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icas-19/125916517 [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: September 19, 2019].
Barry, D.P. (1999). “Handling Police Misconduct in an Ethical Way”. Unpublished Master Thesis. Las Vegas: Ethics and Policy Studies, University of Nevada.
Bayley, David & Robert Perito. (2011). “Police Corruption: What Past Scandals Teach about Current Challenges” in Special Report, No.294 [November], published by the United States Institute of Peace, pp.1-20. Available online also at: https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR%20294.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Bonanno, E.R. (2015). “An Evidential Review of Police Misconduct: Officer versus Organization”. Unpublished Undergraduate Award. Canada: University of Western Ontario.
Cebulak, W. (2011). The Code of Silence as an Obstacle in Effective Police Discipline. North Dakota: Department of Criminal Justice, Minot State University.
Chappell, A.T. & A.R. Piquero. (2004). “Applying Social Learning Theory to Police Misconduct” in Deviant Behaviour, Volume 25.
Chemerinsky, Erwin. (2001). “An Independent Analysis of the Los Angeles Police Department's Board of Inquiry Report on the Rampart Scandal” in Loyola Los Angeles Law Review, No.545. Available online also at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol34/iss2/4 [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 24, 2018].
Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2nd edition.
CSD [Center for the Study of Democracy]. (2010). “The Study to Examine the Links between Organised Crime and Corruption”. Available online at: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/doc_centre/crime/docs/study_on_links_between_organised_crime_and_corruption_en.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Cuberos, F.J. et al. (2004). “A Methodology for Qualitative Learning in Time Series”. Available online at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228864981_A_methodology_for_qualitative_learning_in_time_series [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Gomez-Lobo, Alfonso. (2002). Morality and the Human Goods: An Introduction to Natural Law Ethics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Gran, Caroline K. (1997). “Organizational Socialization of New Employees: Examination and Analysis Within a Large, Diversified Business Organization” in Student Work, No.1767. Available online also at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/1767 [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Griffin, C. & J. Ruiz. (1999). “The Sociopathic Police Personality: Is it a Product of the ‘Rotten Apple’ or the ‘Rotten Barrel’?” in Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, Volume 14(1).
Grozs, Robert. (2008). “Esprit de Corps (the Value of Morale)” in IJAHSP: The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, Vol.6, No.4. Available online also at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/ijahsp/vol6/iss4/4/ [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Harrell, Margaret C. & Melissa A. Bradley. (2009). Data Collection Methods: Semi-Structured Interviews and Focus Groups. USA [United States of America]: RAND Corporation. Available online also at: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2009/RAND_TR718.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Hepworth, Christopher. (2018). “Esprit de Corps: The Essence of a Champion Team”. Available online at: https://christopherhepworth.com/esprit-de-corps-the-essence-of-a-champion-team/ [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: March 2, 2019].
Hunt, J. & P.K. Manning. (1991). “The Social Context of Police Lying” in Symbolic Interaction, Vol.14, No.1.
Interview with Respondent A, a candidate of male police, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 2 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent B, a candidate of female police, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 20 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent A, a male police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Menado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 3 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent B, a female police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 10 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent A, a male police officer, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 1 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent B, a female police officer, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 5 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent C, a candidate of male police, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 2 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent D, a candidate of female police, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 20 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent C, a male police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Menado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 3 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent D, a female police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 10 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent C, a male police officer, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 1 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent D, a female police officer, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 5 Oktober 2018.
Interview with Respondent E, a candidate of male police, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 5 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent F, a candidate of female police, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 24 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent E, a male police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Menado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 5 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent F, a female police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 17 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent E, a male police officer, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 9 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent F, a female police officer, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 17 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent G, a candidate of male police, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 5 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent H, a candidate of female police, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 24 May 2017.
Interview with Respondent G, a male police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Menado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 5 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent H, a female police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 17 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent G, a male police officer, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 9 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent H, a female police officer, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 17 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent I, a candidate of male police, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 10 Mei 2017.
Interview with Respondent J, a candidate of female police, in Jakarta Indonesia, on 27 Mei 2017.
Interview with Respondent I, a male police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Menado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 9 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent J, a female police student at the Brigadier Police Academy, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 27 July 2017.
Interview with Respondent I, a male police officer, in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, on 20 October 2018.
Interview with Respondent J, a female police officer, in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 28 October 2018.
Ivkovic, Sanja Kutnjak, Irena Cajner-Mraovic & Drazen Ivanusec. (2004). “The Measurement of Seriousness of Police Corruption” in Gorazd Mesko, Milan Pagon & Bojan Dobovsek [eds]. Policing in Central and Eastern Europe: Dilemmas of Contemporary Criminal Justice. Slovenia: Faculty of Criminal Justice, University of Maribor. Available online also at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/Mesko/207997.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Jocano, F. Landa. (1999). Management by Culture. Quezon City: Punlad Research House, Inc., revised edition.
Juntunen, Arla & Esa Kayhko. (2008). “Police Corruption, Ethics, and Values of Police and Respondents: A Study Based on a Citizen Survey in Finland”. Paper to be presented to Ethics and Integrity of Governance European Group of Public Administration, in Rotterdam, Holland, on September 3-6. Available online also at: https://www.law.kuleuven.be/integriteit/egpa/previous-egpa-conferences/rotterdam-2008/juntunenkayhko.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Kenton, Will. (2019). “Kickback” in Investopedia, on April 11. Available online also at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/k/kickback.asp [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: July 3, 2019].
Koesoema, D. (2015). Strategi Pendidikan Karakter: Revolusi Mental dalam Lembaga Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Kramer, M.W. (2011). “A Study of Voluntary Organizational Membership: The Assimilation Process in a Community Choir” in Western Journal of Communication, Volume 75(1), pp.52-62.
Kumssa, A. (2015). “Police Corruption: A Perspective on its Nature and Control” in Donnish Journal of Political Science and International Relation, Vol.1, No.1.
Leighton, Alexander H. (1949). Human Relations in a Changing World: Observations on the Uses of the Social Sciences. New York: E.P. Dutton.
Liliweri, A. (2014). Pengantar Studi Kebudayaan. Bandung: Nusamedia.
Macfarlane, Robert & Arlen Morris. (2002). “Synthesis of Research Affecting Police Administration”. A Final Report for the U.S. Department of Justice. Available online also at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/77898.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Mkhize, Sazelo Michael. (2016). “A Cross-Sectional Study of Traditional Police Culture Themes amongst Experienced South African Police Service Officials. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. South Africa: College of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Available online also at: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/13165/Mkhize_Sazelo_Michael_2016.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: December 7, 2018].
Newburn, T. (1999). Understanding and Preventing Police Corruption: Lessons from the Literature. London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit Publication.
Newburn, Tim. (2015). Literature Review: Police Integrity and Corruption. UK [United Kingdom]: HMIC Publication. Available online also at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/wp-content/uploads/pic-literature-review.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
O’Donnell, Orla & Richard Boyle. (2008). Understanding and Managing Organisational Culture. Dublin, Ireland: The Institute of Public Administration. Available online also at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/732a/8dd12cf265dc26f22ab64401c0e0fd8553ac.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: December 7, 2018].
O’Neill, M.E., M. Marks & A. Singh. (2007). “Police Occupational Culture: New Debates and Directions” in Emerald, Volume 8. Available online also at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/16609/ [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 24, 2018].
Porter, Louise E. & Celia Warrender. (2017). “A Multivariate Model of Police Deviance: Examining the Nature of Corruption, Crime, and Misconduct”. Available online at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143885901.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Prenzler, Tim & Janet Ransley [eds]. (2002). Police Reform: Building Integrity. Sydney: Hawkins Press.
Robbins, S.P. (1991). Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies, and Applications. USA [United States of America]: Prentice Hall International, San Diego State University.
Roebuck, J.B. & T. Barker. (1974). “A Typology of Police Corruption” in Social Problems, Volume 21(3), pp.423-437.
Rothwell, G. & N. Baldwin. (2007). “Ethical Climate Theory, Whistle Blowing, and the Code of Silence in Police Agencies in the State of Georgia” in Journal of Business Ethic, Vol.70, No.4.
Rousseau, Jean Jacques. (1998). The Social Contract. New York: Viking Penguin.
Sahin, Nusret Mesut. (2010). “Reducing Police Corruption: The Use of Technology to Reduce Police Corruption”. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. New York: City University of New York. Available online also at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324069215_Reducing_Police_Corruption_The_Use_of_Technology_to_Reduce_Police_Corruption [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Sarikaya, Yusuf. (2015). “A Comparative Analysis of Police Corruption in the US and Turkey”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. New Jersey: State University of New Jersey. Available online also at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b7a1/65dfe3f2fd941eb76993c3af404a1c96ee4b.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Smith, P.B. & S. Shalom. (1997). “Values” in J.W. Berry, M.H. Segall & C. Kagitcibasi [eds]. Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 3. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Slovak, S.J. (1987). “Police Organisation and Policing Environment: Case Study of a Disjuncture” in Sociological Focus, Vol.20, No.1.
Sobirin, A. (2007). Budaya Organisasi: Pengertian, Makna, dan Aplikasinya dalam Kehidupan Organisasi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit UPP STIM YKPN.
Stanley, Einstein & Amir Menachem. (2003). Police Corruption: Paradigms, Models, and Concepts, Challenges for Developing Countries. USA [United States of America]: Office of International Criminal Justice.
Stinson, Philip Matthew et al. (2016). “Police Integrity Lost: A Study of Law Enforcement Officers Arrested”. Final Technical Report. USA [United States of America]: National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Available online also at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249850.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
Stoddard, E.R. (1968). “Informal Code of Police Deviancy: A Group Approach to Blue Coat Crime” in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol.59, No.2.
Swanson, Trevor. (2016). “Time-Series Methods in Experiences Research” in APS: Association for Psychological Science. Available online also at: https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/time-series-methods-in-experimental-research [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 10, 2018].
Syed, T. & D. Bruce. (1998). “Police Corruption: Towards a Working Definition” in African Security Review, Vol.7, No.1.
Thibault, A.E., M.L. Lynch & R.B. McBride. (2001). Proactive Police Management. USA [United States of America]: Pearson, 9th edition.
UN [United Nations]. (2004). Human Rights Standards and Practice for the Police. New York and Geneva: United Nations Publication. Available online also at: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/training5Add3en.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 3, 2018].
UN [United Nations]. (2011). Handbook on Police Accountability, Oversight, and Integrity: Criminal Justice Handbook Series. New York: United Nations. Available online also at: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/criminal_justice/Handbook_on_police_Accountability_Oversight_and_Integrity.pdf [accessed in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia: November 17, 2018].
Wang, Peng. (2017). The Chinese Mafia: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Westley, W.A. (1956). “Secrecy and the Police” in Social Forces, Vol.34, No.3.
Williams, Carrie. (2007). “Research Methods” in Journal of Business & Economic Research, Vol.5, No.3 [March], pp.65-72.
Williams, H. (2002). “Core Factors of Police Corruption Across the World” in Forum on Crime and Society, Volume 2(1).
Yusuf, A. (2018). Budaya Korporasi: Elemen Fundamental Transformasi Korporasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Kompas.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2121/sosiohumanika.v12i2.1235
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan is published by Minda Masagi Press. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 4.0.